01 05 00 GENERAL PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

01 05 01 Site Requirements

.01 Retention of Existing Trees

1. To encourage the retention of mature trees which are one of the University's prime assets, and to correct the current slow depletion of the campus tree canopy, the Professional shall site the building to minimize the loss of and impact on mature trees.

2. The landscape plan for the project shall be integrated with the surrounding landscape design and it shall include trees.

.02 Equipment Screening

1. All exposed exterior mechanical and electrical equipment is to be screened from view.  The screening method to be employed will be determined on an individual project basis.

01 05 05 Space Planning 

.01 Planning for Engineered Building Systems

1. General
1. Always design with maintenance in mind.  Maintenance and housekeeping are daily activities in every campus building. The University expects these activities to be carried out in a manner that students and faculty are not aware of the effort. Similarly, buildings and improvements are needed that lend themselves to cost effective utilization of manpower in a discrete manner. 
2. Design team shall fully coordinate all requirements to ensure easily accessible, unobstructed, safe, generous, sufficient space for mechanical and electrical equipment rooms and general maintenance storage when developing the building floor plans.
1. Designated mechanical/electrical equipment rooms, mezzanines and platforms shall have at least the minimum headroom/ceiling height required by building code for occupiable spaces. Crawlspaces (either basement or attic) are not acceptable plant equipment rooms.
2. Design for Safety: The plant and systems must be located and arranged to permit adequate means of escape and access for maintenance without exposing the maintenance staff to undue safety risk. 
3. Design for Cost Effective Replacement: All mechanical and electrical rooms shall be located, have adequate floor area and door sizes and be internally arranged with entirely clear aisles to permit the removal and replacement of the largest piece of equipment from the space to the building exterior without dismantling other equipment or permanent building general construction.
1. Primary aisles intended to be kept clear in perpetuity for equipment replacement shall be clearly indicated on construction drawings and with painted boundaries on final floor finishes in mechanical/electrical rooms.
2. Building design shall not require a crane to replace common systems components such as pumps, motors, fan wheels, coils, compressors, transformers, electrical gear, motor starters, etc.
3. In buildings with elevators, elevator with sufficient capacity shall extend to all levels, including roof, with mechanical/electrical equipment having any replaceable component that cannot be safely transported down stairs or ship ladders.
4. Include roof access hatches, hinged or easily removeable louvers, knockout panels or similar other architectural features as necessary for major equipment replacement that cannot be otherwise handled through routine means.
5. Coordinate between disciplines to provide adequate structural strength in all areas over which heavy equipment is required to be rolled in and out of the building.
4. Allow adequate dedicated spaces for building system control panels: local Building Automation Systems (BAS) operator workstation, associated BAS network controllers/panels, security/access control panels, fire alarm control panels, lighting control panels. These types of building operation control panels shall not be placed in spaces shared and/or the access controlled by the occupants or departments other than OPP, including but limited to the following:
1. Departmental work or storage spaces
2. TNS server room, work or storage spaces
3. Janitorial/Housekeeping
2. Mechanical
1. Mechanical rooms shall be sufficiently sized and equipment arranged to accommodate proper, efficient and safe access conditions for routine maintenance and replacement.
1. There shall be enough clear space around equipment to do such things as change filters, pull coils, removal of fans, shafts, motors, bearing assemblies, etc. without moving other equipment or building general construction.
2. Allow at least three feet between all service sides of AHU’s and other large equipment and obstructions.
3. Minimize the need to do maintenance from ladders. Provide permanent ship ladders, equipment platforms, safety rails, anchor points and lanyards, etc as required to safely access overhead equipment.
4. Provide overhead structural steel with portable chain hoists to lift and rig heavy motors, compressors, fans, etc to means of transporting out of building.
5. Consider and plan for general maintenance storage requirements in mechanical rooms.
6. Avoid tripping hazards. Arrange equipment and provide sufficient floor drains to avoid running pipes across walking paths on floors.
7. Provide card readers on all mechanical room entry doors.  Reader for new buildings shall be designed in accordance with the Electronic Security System Requirements outlined in the Access Control Specification of division 28.  Readers for existing buildings shall be designed to conform with and tied into the existing system in the building.
8. Refer to Section 230000 for appropriate environmental conditions in these spaces.
2. To the greatest extent possible, mechanical equipment shall be located indoors to maximize useful service life and for safety and ease of maintenance staff, particularly during adverse weather conditions.
1. No outdoor/rooftop primary air handling equipment is allowed without written permission from the Office of Physical Plant, Engineering Services.
2. Exceptions: 
1. Unitary DX units with no hydronic or steam coils subject to freezing.
2. Renovations to existing facilities in which it is otherwise not practical or feasible to provide adequate indoor mechanical space.
3. Where otherwise unavoidable, hydronic systems subject to freezing conditions shall be protected with separate piping loops with antifreeze solution, heat exchangers, pumps, expansion tanks, as required to prevent freezing in the event of extended electrical power outage and to minimize and isolate portions of systems requiring antifreeze from the main hot and chilled water loops.
1. Steam traps and drip legs shall be located below the thermal insulation envelope of the roof assembly.
2. Alternatively, all sections of piping exposed to freezing conditions shall be completely electrically heat traced on circuits on normal/emergency standby power.
3. Outdoor/rooftop equipment shall include stairs/ladders, raised platforms, gratings, and handrails for adequate access to all main components.
4. Provide adequate safety and visual screening.
3. Locate primary air handling equipment and all pumps, heat exchangers in dedicated mechanical rooms, never above ceilings.
4. Acoustically treat rooms and/or equipment to contain equipment noise.
5. Include stairway or ships ladder to any equipment on the roof. Review with OPP and obtain approval if vertical ladders are only practical solution for existing facilities.
3. Electrical
1. Service entrance electrical room:
1. A dedicated room shall be located on the perimeter of the building immediately adjacent to the pad-mount transformer.
2. All requirements for dedicated equipment space outlined in section b. through e. below shall apply to both main electrical rooms and satellite electrical rooms.
3. The electrical room shall have a physical separation from the other spaces in the building (including mechanical equipment rooms) with a minimum fire resistance rating of one hour (review code for stricter requirements).
4. Heating and ventilation of the main electrical room shall be dedicated to that room, and ventilation air shall not be transferred from adjacent spaces. Consider how air flow through the space will best cool any heat producing equipment.
5. Size to allow for future growth of the service entrance equipment of at least 25% of design requirements. There shall be adequate initial space and “future” space to allow the installation of additional sections equal in size to the switchgear required for this project.
6. If the service requires switchgear, it shall be located in the center of the room and shall allow for working clearance on ALL four sides of the equipment.
7. Provide card readers on all electrical room entry doors. Reader for new buildings shall be designed in accordance with the Electronic Security System Requirements outlined in the Access Control Specification of division 28. Readers for existing buildings shall be designed to conform with and tied into the existing system in the building.
8. All circuit breaker operating handles, disconnect handles, safety switch handles, push buttons, switches, etc. shall be mounted at an accessible height no higher than 6'-7" AFF.
9. Minimum space requirements:
   1. For main electrical rooms containing switchgear, minimum area shall be 500 ft² with a minimum dimension of 18’-0”.
   2. For main electrical rooms containing service entrance equipment that is switchboard construction, the minimum area shall be 168 ft² with a minimum dimension of 12’-0”.
   3. For main electrical rooms containing service entrance equipment that is a main distribution panel or switchboard construction and less than 1200A, the minimum area shall be 132 ft² with a minimum dimension of 8’-0”.
2. Electrical rooms/closets shall be dedicated spaces, with room for additional panelboard sections in the future. 
   1. No foreign systems shall be permitted to penetrate or pass through electrical rooms.
      1. This includes but is not limited to any building system ductwork, building system piping (pressurized or unpressurized), any process piping, clean-outs, etc., and any penetrations of foreign systems.
      2. The aforementioned infrastructure shall not be permitted to be installed in the perimeter of any electrical room or dedicated electrical equipment space, regardless of installation height.
3. Sprinkler protection shall be permitted for the dedicated space where the piping complies with NEC 110.26 (F).
4. The design professional shall submit proposed equipment layouts and coordination plans for the electrical room(s) and/or space(s) to PSU Engineering Services Electrical Group during the schematic design phase and no later than DD phase.
   1. Where electrical room HVAC ductwork and sprinkler piping are permitted within an electrical room to serve the needs of that room only, the installation(s) must comply with all NEC requirements. Furthermore, ductwork and piping shall not be routed above electrical equipment footprints, regardless of installation height. 
      1. No exceptions, regardless of NEC allowance (i.e. 110.26 F.1.b), will be permitted in areas directly above the electrical equipment footprint.
5. Physical space in the electrical room is reserved for electrical equipment and pathways, both existing/new and future provisions. The design shall not minimize the potential for growth or expansion of the electrical distribution system nor necessitate technicians of other trades working within the space.
6. Transformers shall be floor mounted on housekeeping pads.
7. Engine generators, when required, shall be placed on grade at the exterior or within the building. At no time will this equipment be installed above grade level or on a roof. Give consideration as to the survivability of this equipment; do not locate adjacent to the service transformer or below grade where it may be flooded.

.02 Planning of Support Services Area

1. During the planning and design stages of the project, the Professional shall consider the need to provide certain support service areas that may be required for a particular project but not necessarily identified in the program. The need for the following types of areas shall be reviewed, and where appropriate, included as part of the project:

• Public Telephone Location

• Vending Machine Location

• Employee Lounge

• Central Mail Room

• Central Copy Area

• Loading Dock

.03 Loading Dock Facilities

1. The Professional's attention is directed to the installation at loading docks and shipping and receiving areas where a canopy or roof structure may interfere with the loading and unloading of freight.  The height of loading dock platforms and the height of overhead structures should be such that trucks may gain access to the dock in both loaded and unloaded conditions, compatible with facility use requirements.  Refer to Section 11 13 00.

.04 Custodial Facilities

.05 Single User Toilet Rooms

1. All buildings shall have Single User toilet rooms in the following locations:

1. On the main floor level.

2. On every floor level other than the main level, except where a Single User toilet room exists on the floor above and the floor below.

3. Where required by code.

2. Every project shall consider the location of existing Single User toilet rooms, and shall include the construction of additional toilet rooms to meet the requirements of the preceding paragraph.   No exception is given to any project, except with written approval from the Assistant Vice President, Office of Physical Plant.

3. All single user toilet rooms shall meet the requirements of the current adopted International Building Code and Americans with Disabilities Act Standards.

4. Urinal shall be included within the room.
5. In "Family" designated rooms, a baby changing (Koala KB200 or prior approved equal) shall be included.

6. Contact Facilities Resources & Planning, Office of Physical Plant, for the appropriate room signage as defined by the PSU interior signage standards and Manager of Design Services, Office of Physical Plant for atypical plumbing fixtures and toilet accessories requests, if applicable.

.06  Refuse Container Locations

1. The University Park and most Commonwealth Campuses use the Dumpster system of collection.  This system employs the use of six (6) and eight (8) cubic yard metal containers and a twenty-four (24) yard capacity packer-type truck to mechanically lift and dump the cans.  The overall dimensions of the containers are 80 1/4 inches wide (for any size) x 59 1/4 inches x 76 inches high (based on standard six (6) yard container).

2. Containers should not be located under roof overhangs, immediately next to combustible building construction or next to window openings.  Dumpsters and containers with individual capacity of 1.5 cubic yards or more shall not be stored in buildings or placed within 5 feet of combustible walls, openings or combustible roof eave overhangs.  Additionally, containers shall not obstruct doorways or fire protection system devices (hydrants, siamese connections, sprinkler control valves).

3. A 31 cubic yard refuse truck measures 30'-3" long overall and has a wheel base of 158 inches and an overall height of approximately 12 feet, 6 inches.  An overhead clearance of approximately 20 feet is required to dump a six-yard box.  The gross weight on front axle is 15,000 pounds, rear tandem axles 38,000 pounds.

   Note:  Measurements will vary depending on cubic capacity size of vehicle.

4. To service a container requires the truck operator to approach the container on an axis normal (90°) to the 80 1/4 inch width of the container.

5. It is preferred that the trash and recycling containers be located at road level immediately adjacent to the loading platform of the building for convenient top loading from the platform.

6. A concrete pad 9 feet wide by 8 feet shall be provided for each container required.  The surface of the concrete pad shall be on a place parallel to the road surface where the truck stops to service the container.  This is necessary to properly engage the lifting forks of the truck in the sockets of the container to be lifted.

7. The service road to the container shall be a minimum of 12 feet wide and of suitable construction to support the axle loads mentioned.

8. To turn the packer truck requires a 45 foot radius and a minimum road width on the curve of 20 feet.  If servicing of the container requires turning the truck, then the above turning radius and minimum road widths should be provided.

9. Refuse:  The University requires one 8-yard Dumpster for every 100,000 sq. ft. of building space for every 8 hours of use.

10. Recycling:  The University requires two types of containers: one 6 cubic yard container for mixed office paper and one 6 cubic yard container for cardboard.

11. For each project, the Professional is required to consult with the OPP Solid Waste Management Foreman to determine exact needs, based on facility type, size, and location.

12. Trash compactors shall be provided with a 2 1/2" female hose connection at the fire ports.  The female hose connection shall have National Standard Hose Thread.

.07 Lactating Rooms

1. All new buildings shall have a lactating room at the following locations.

1. Beside the first floor single user toilet room required in section .05 above

2. In existing buildings where a level "3" alteration is planned (prefer in the vicinity of the single user toilet room).

3. All lactating rooms shall meet the requirements of the current adopted International Building Code and the Americans with Disabilities Act Standards.

4. The lactating room shall contain at a minimum:   

1. Comfortable living room style chair

2. Lockable storage cabinet for breast pump (min. 3-feet long by 2-feet deep) 

3. Sink w/ counter space, soap & paper towel dispenser

4. Adequate refrigerator space (portable refrigerator located on or under the sink counter space) 

5. Electric outlet (110v, 20 amp, polarized) for breast pump (located in proximity to chair)

6. Lockable entrance door with vacancy or occupancy I.D. tag (similar to Schlage L series mortise indicators L283-712, L283-722)

7. Appropriate room signage as defined by the PSU signage standards

5. Access to lactation rooms shall be by mechanical lockset consistent with bathroom type locksets used elsewhere in the facility.  The use of pin code keypad locks is not permitted and does not meet University Policy.  For spaces that require additional access control beyond that provided by a mechanical lockset (i.e. electronic access), the designer must consult with the Penn State Physical Security Office for approval at physicalsectech@psu.edu.  

01 05 10 Building Design